Disposal of Dimethyl Ether (DME)

Chemical Formula: C₂H₆O

Description: Dimethyl ether (DME) is a colourless gas with a slightly sweet odour, similar to that of ether. It is commonly used as a propellant, refrigerant, and as an alternative fuel. DME is highly flammable and can form explosive mixtures with air.

Label Information

  • Contents: The canister contains dimethyl ether (C₂H₆O).

  • UN Number: 1033

    • Purpose of UN Number: The UN number 1033 is assigned to dimethyl ether for identification during transport and in emergency response situations.

Hazard Symbols

  • Flammable Symbol: The label features a flammable hazard symbol, indicating that dimethyl ether is highly flammable and can form explosive mixtures with air.

  • Health Hazard Symbol: A health hazard symbol (often an exclamation mark) may be present, warning of potential health risks such as respiratory or skin irritation upon exposure.

Warning Information

  • Respiratory Protection: Users are advised to use appropriate respiratory protection to avoid inhaling dimethyl ether, particularly in confined or poorly ventilated spaces.

  • Handling Instructions: Handle dimethyl ether with care, keeping it away from heat sources, sparks, and open flames. Ensure use in well-ventilated areas to minimise the risk of inhalation and potential health hazards.

  • Emergency Procedures: The label may include first aid instructions, such as moving to fresh air if inhalation occurs, rinsing skin or eyes if contact happens, and seeking immediate medical attention if necessary.

Physical and Chemical Properties

  • Appearance: Colourless gas.

  • Odour: Slightly sweet, ether-like odour.

  • Boiling Point: -24.8°C (-12.6°F)

  • Melting Point: -141°C (-222°F)

  • Density: Slightly heavier than air, with a density of 1.99 g/L at 0°C.

Health Effects

  • Acute Exposure: Inhalation of dimethyl ether can cause respiratory irritation, dizziness, drowsiness, and, in high concentrations, unconsciousness. Skin and eye contact may result in irritation.

  • Chronic Exposure: Prolonged exposure to dimethyl ether is generally low risk; however, long-term effects are not well studied. It is advisable to minimise exposure to avoid potential health risks.

Reactivity and Compatibility

  • Reactivity: Dimethyl ether is relatively stable under normal conditions but can form explosive mixtures with air. It may react violently with strong oxidising agents.

  • Incompatible Materials: Avoid contact with strong oxidisers, acids, and bases, as dimethyl ether can react with these substances under certain conditions.

Environmental Impact

  • Air and Water: If released, dimethyl ether can contribute to air pollution and may form ground-level ozone under certain conditions. It is not expected to persist long in the environment due to its high volatility.

  • Ecosystems: Dimethyl ether has a low potential for bioaccumulation and is generally considered less harmful to aquatic life compared to other industrial chemicals.

Safety Measures

  • Storage: Store in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area, away from sources of ignition and incompatible substances. Ensure that storage areas are equipped with proper ventilation and leak detection systems.

  • Handling: Use proper leak detection methods and regularly inspect equipment when handling dimethyl ether. Ensure that it is handled in areas with adequate ventilation or within fume hoods to prevent accumulation of the gas.

  • Protective Equipment: Personal protective equipment (PPE), including respirators, gloves, and eye protection, should be used when handling dimethyl ether. All personnel should be trained in handling flammable gases and emergency response procedures.

Regulatory Information

  • Occupational Exposure Limits: Various regulatory bodies have established exposure limits for dimethyl ether to protect workers from potential health effects.

  • Transport Regulations: When transporting dimethyl ether, it must be correctly labelled and packaged according to international regulations, such as those set by the International Air Transport Association (IATA) and the International Maritime Organisation (IMO).